MICROSOFT SHARED SOURCE CLI, C#, AND JSCRIPT LICENSE
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If you have installed jenkins from their web page they add a new repository but not import the repository’s public key that generates problems in yum updates
No se ha instalado la llave pública de jenkins-1.421-1.1.noarch.rpm
if you want to fix these problem only run this command
step 15 Setting up permissions
mkdir tmp public/plugin_assets #in case of the dirs doesn’t exists
sudo chown -R redmine:redmine files log tmp public/plugin_assets # change redmine:redmine if you create a diferent user
sudo chmod -R 755 files log tmp public/plugin_assets
step 16 check redmine installation
ruby script/server webrick -e production
open in your browser :3000
login is admin pass is admin too
step 17 enable mod_cgi in apache
check in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf if exist the line
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
step 18 create public/dispatch.cgi file
mv public/dispatch.cgi.example public/dispatch.cgi
edit the first line
from
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
to
#!/usr/bin/ruby
step 19 grant execution rights
chmod 755 public/dispatch.cgi
step 21 set production state in file config/environment.rb
uncoment the line ENV[‘RAILS_ENV’] ||= ‘production’
step 22 configure passenger
passenger-install-apache2-module and follow instructions
if you get an error check this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5585583/problem-in-installing-passenger
In fact, just need to edit the ” /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.6/lib/phusion_passenger/platform_info/apache.rb” file, and replace “test_exe_outdir” with “tmpexedir”.
step 23 Enable cgi in SeLinux
setsebool -P httpd_enable_cgi 1
step 24 add virtual host in apache config file
ServerName redmine..com
ServerAdmin webmaster@.com
DocumentRoot /live/redmine/public/
ErrorLog logs/redmine_error_log
Options Indexes ExecCGI FollowSymLinks
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
AllowOverride all
Step 25: close 3000 port editing /etc/sysconfig/iptables file
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 3000 -j ACCEPT
One of the new features in Bash v4 are the associative arrays using strings as index instead numbers
here a small example of use
#!/bin/bash
declare -A myArray #declare array
myArray[cat]=gato #attach a value into index cat
myArray[dog]=can #attach a value into index dog
creature="fish" #declare a variable
myArray[$creature]=peixe #attach a value into index fish
#get all array values
for key in "${!myArray[@]}"
do
echo "index value=$key content value= ${myArray[$key]}"
done
¿ Qué comandos serían necesarios ejecutar para que un sistema Linux pudiese sustituir el encaminador R2 mostrado en el diagrama ? Asume todos aquellos datos que necesites para realizar el ejercicio (nombre de interfaces, gateway, etc)
Click for larger view
Previous Steps
Enable IP Forwarding
Temporal:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Permanent:
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
changue the value of net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf # enable changues
Configuring network intefaces
Temporal:
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 10.10.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ifconfig eth1 down
ifconfig eth1 200.3.107.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
if you want to add more routes increment the numbers next to GATEWAY, for example: GATEWAY1=10.0.0.2 NETMASK1= 255.255.255.0 ADDRESS1=192.168.30.0
Pros
No extra processing and added resources as in the case of dynamic routing protocols
No extra bandwidth requirement caused by the transmission of excessive packets for the routing table update process
Extra security by manually admitting or rejecting routing to certain networks
Cons
Network Administrators need to know the complete network topology very well in order to configure routes correctly
Topology changes need manual adjustment to all routers something which is very time consuming
Option 2: Using NAT
Basically NAT works like static routing but changes the output ip maintaining a internal
temporal:
# delete old configuration, if any
#Flush all the rules in filter and nat tables
iptables –flush
iptables –table nat –flush
# delete all chains that are not in default filter and nat table, if any
iptables –delete-chain
iptables –table nat –delete-chain
# Set up IP FORWARDing and Masquerading (NAT)
iptables –table nat –append POSTROUTING –out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables –append FORWARD –in-interface eth1 -j ACCEPT
permanent:
store the rules into the ip tables into a rules set
Pros
same that static plus
It also benefits in a security sense as attackants can’t target a computer directly, they have to first get past the router.
Cons
Network Address Translation does not allow a true end-to-end connectivity that is required by some real time applications. A number of real-time applications require the creation of a logical tunnel to exchange the data packets quickly in real-time. It requires a fast and seamless connectivity devoid of any intermediaries such as a proxy server that tends to complicate and slow down the communications process.
NAT creates complications in the functioning of Tunneling protocols. Any communication that is routed through a Proxy server tends to be comparatively slow and prone to disruptions. Certain critical applications offer no room for such inadequacies. Examples include telemedicine and teleconferencing. Such applications find the process of network address translation as a bottleneck in the communication network creating avoidable distortions in the end-to-end connectivity.
NAT acts as a redundant channel in the online communication over the Internet. The twin reasons for the widespread popularity and subsequent adoption of the network address translation process were a shortage of IPv4 address space and the security concerns. Both these issues have been fully addressed in the IPv6 protocol. As the IPv6 slowly replaces the IPv4 protocol, the network address translation process will become redundant and useless while consuming the scarce network resources for providing services that will be no longer required over the IPv6 networks.
Option 3: Using RIP
Rip is a distance routing protocol, is more flexible that using static routers and necessary if the number of subnets grows. Do you want to fight against hundred of rules? or assume the risk of downtime’s created by a router malfunction?
Routing updates can require significant bandwidth because the entire routing table is sent
Prone to routing loops
Option 4: Using OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
OSPF is a routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm for get the quickest way. into a set of subnets where the routers are connected at different speeds could work better than R.I.P.
ospfd(config-router)# network 200.3.107.0/24 area 0
ospfd(config-router)# passive-interface eth1
ospfd(config-router)# end
ospfd# write file
Configuration saved to /etc/zebra/ospfd.conf
pros
Scalability – OSPF is specifically designed to operate with larger networks.
Full subnetting support – OSPF can fully support subnetting
Hello packets – OSPF uses small hello packets to verify link operation with out transferring large tables
TOS routing – OSPF can route packets by different criterion based on their type of service field
Tagged routes – Routes can be tagged with arbitrary values, easing interoperation.
cons
very intensive processor
maintaining multiple copies of routing information, increasing the amount of memory needed
OSPF can be logically segmented by using areasnot as easy to learn as some other protocols
if an entire network is running OSPF, and one link within it is “bouncing” every few seconds, then OSPF updates would dominate the network by informing every other router every time the link changed state.
CAFF sends the sing keys using your system mail transfer agent (MTA), nowadays using your ISP ip address is a warranty of appears in the receiver spam box
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